External apical root resorption 6 months after initiation of orthodontic treatment: A randomized clinical trial comparing fixed appliances and orthodontic aligners
Toyokawa-Sperandio Katia Cristina, de Castro Ferreira Conti Ana Claudia, Fernandes Thais Maria Freire, de Almeida-Pedrin Renata Rodrigues, de Almeida Marcio Rodrigues, Oltramari Paula Vanessa Pedron,
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( Toyokawa-Sperandio Katia Cristina ) - University of North Parana Department of Orthodontics
( de Castro Ferreira Conti Ana Claudia ) - University of North Parana Department of Orthodontics
( Fernandes Thais Maria Freire ) - University of North Parana Department of Orthodontics
( de Almeida-Pedrin Renata Rodrigues ) - University of North Parana Department of Orthodontics
( de Almeida Marcio Rodrigues ) - University of North Parana Department of Orthodontics
( Oltramari Paula Vanessa Pedron ) - University of North Parana Department of Orthodontics
Abstract
Objective: To compare the magnitude of external apical root resorption (EARR) 6 months after starting orthodontic treatment using orthodontic aligners (OAs) and fixed appliances (FAs).
Methods: This parallel randomized clinical trial included 40 patients randomized into two groups: OA group (n = 20, 160 incisors) and FA group (n = 20, 160 incisors). For evaluation of the tooth length, periapical radiographs and standardized linear measurements of the maxillary and mandibular incisors were acquired before (T0) and 6 months after treatment initiation (T1). EARR was calculated through the difference in length between the two time points (T1?T0). Statistical comparisons were performed by means of using t-tests, chi-squared test and covariance analysis (a = 5%).
Results: Rounding of the root apex was observed in both groups; the resorption involved 2.88% of the root length, so 97.12% of the tooth length remained intact. Intragroup comparisons between the two time points revealed a significant difference, with (T1?T0) ranging from ?0.52 to ?0.88 mm in the FA group and from ?0.52 to ?0.85 mm in the OA group. In the intergroup comparisons, only tooth #21 presented a statistically significant difference (OA: ?0.52 ± 0.57 mm, FA: ?0.86 ± 0.60 mm); however, the overall differences between groups were not clinically relevant, ranging from 0.03 to 0.35 mm.
Conclusions: OA and FA treatment resulted in a similar degree of EARR in the maxillary and mandibular incisors at 6 months after treatment initiation. However, the amount of resorption was small and does not impair tooth longevity.
키워드
Orthodontics; Root resorption; Clear aligner; Fixed appliance
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